How Does a Fire Damper Work?

Fire dampers are fitted within duct systems where there are walls, floors, or fire barriers. In case of a fire, the damper will close automatically when there is high temperature, blocking the flames and smoke from spreading across the ventilation system. This usually happens through the operation of a fusible link or an electrical signal linked to the building fire alarm system.

Types of Fire Dampers

There are different designs of fire dampers, each with particular uses in a fire protection system:

Curtain Fire Dampers – These are dampers that employ a curtain-type mechanism that falls upon melting of the fusible link, closing off the duct.

Multi-Blade Fire Dampers – With multiple blades that close upon activation, providing improved airflow control when open.

Dynamic Fire Dampers – For systems with active airflow, these dampers employ spring-loaded mechanisms to close efficiently.

Static Fire Dampers – For systems without airflow when the fan is in the off position, these dampers close by gravity or spring force.

Combination Fire and Smoke Dampers – These dampers not only inhibit fire spread but also limit smoke movement in the ducts.

Why Are Fire Dampers Important?

Important for fire protection:

Prevents Fire Spread – Fire dampers provide a blockage, preventing flames from spreading through ductwork and into other parts of a building.

Limits Smoke Infiltration – Inhaling smoke is a significant reason for fire deaths, and fire dampers ensure that smoke stays in appropriate areas.

Improves Building Safety – Fire dampers play their part in the overall fire resistance of a building, making occupants and first responders safer.

Fire Code Compliance – The majority of building codes necessitate that fire dampers be installed and serviced for compliance with fire safety regulations.

Fire Damper Inspection and Maintenance

For maximum performance, fire dampers need to be regularly inspected and maintained. Under fire safety laws, inspections should be carried out at least every four years in commercial buildings and every six years in hospitals and healthcare facilities.



Major Maintenance Practices:

Visual Inspections – Checking for obstructions, rust, or mechanical damage.

Operational Testing – Verifying dampers close completely when triggered.

Cleaning and Lubrication – Cleaning dust accumulation and maintaining moving parts.

Replacement of Fusible Links – Fusible links must be replaced according to manufacturer guidelines.

Installation Instructions for Fire Dampers

Fire dampers must be installed correctly to function properly. The following are some of the important installation factors:

Location Installation – Fire dampers must be installed at fire-rated walls, floors, and ceilings.

Clearance and Accessibility – Proper space must be left for inspection and maintenance.

Application of Duct Sealant – Fire-rated sealants ensure airtight installation.

Coordination with Fire Alarm Systems – Integration with smoke detectors and fire alarm systems increases functionality.


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