Why Do Fire Dampers Fail?

Why Do Fire Dampers Fail?

1. Lack of Regular Maintenance

Perhaps the most prevalent cause of failure of what fire dampers are is the lack of regular maintenance. Fire dampers need regular inspection, cleaning, and testing to guarantee proper functioning. Over time, dust, dirt, and debris build up, causing them to get stuck and not close when they are activated by heat or smoke.

2. Corrosion and Rust

HVAC systems are subject to different moisture levels, causing corrosion and rust deposits on fire dampers. Corrosion of the damper blades or other parts could make them ineffective in closing when needed, which means they won't be able to prevent the spread of fire and smoke.

3. Fusible Link Failure

Fire dampers are fitted with fusible links that will melt at a specified temperature, causing the damper to close. In case the fusible link is broken, installed incorrectly, or beyond its suggested replacement time, the fire damper will not function during a fire incident.

4. Ductwork Obstructions

Fire dampers need to have an open path to shut properly, but obstacles like insulation, wiring, or construction waste may impede their movement. Obstructions cause dampers to fail to seal off the ductwork, thus enabling fire and smoke to pass through.

5. Improper Installation

Incorrect installation is also one of the reasons why fire dampers fail. Fire dampers that are not installed in line with fire safety regulations and manufacturer recommendations will not work as expected during an emergency. Some of the typical installation flaws include misalignment, oversized gaps, or improper use of materials that are not compliant.

6. Mechanical Damage

With time, fire dampers might suffer from mechanical damage caused by wear and tear, collision, or mishandling during repairs or maintenance. Bent blades, damaged springs, or misaligned parts can hinder the closure of the damper.

7. Failure to Carry Out Regular Testing

Fire dampers need to be tested regularly to ensure that they work. Fire codes stipulate that dampers need to be inspected on a regular basis, but if these checks are not performed, malfunctions won't be discovered until it's too late.

Preventing Fire Damper Failure

With the knowledge of why fire dampers fail, it's critical to have preventive steps in place to ensure they remain in working condition:

Regular Inspections: Perform visual checks and functional tests according to fire safety regulations.

Routine Cleaning: Clean off dust, dirt, and obstructions that would affect the damper's motion.

Replace Fusible Links: Replace fusible links as directed by the manufacturer.

Check for Corrosion: Check for rust and corrosion and apply protective coatings where required.

Proper Installation: Use fire safety requirements and installation guidelines to guarantee correct functionality.

Maintain Detailed Records: Maintain records of all tests, inspections, and maintenance procedures for compliance.